Scientific research library · 11 biochemistry-first monographs
Eleven molecular identities. Eleven complete web publications. Eleven individual scientific PDFs. Identity, chemistry, target architecture, exposure and integrated physiology construct the science. Population statistics arrive only as a terminal, context-bound stress-test.
Browse the 11 monographs ↓
Scientific construction
A result observed in a population cannot identify the entity, manufacture a pathway or decide an individual response. Historical and non-English research remains part of the scientific record; every source is judged by its object, method and causal reach rather than geography.
IBiochemical identity
IIPhysical constraints and measured mechanism
IIIExposure and integrated physiology
IVHistorical and international corpus
VTerminal human stress-test
⊣Counterevidence and falsification
Triple GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonism
Retatrutide is a single engineered, long-acting peptide that activates GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. It is a calibrated multi-receptor pharmacology, not three drugs added together.
Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor pharmacology
Tirzepatide is a long-acting dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist with a mature human development programme. Results belong to the exact construct, formulation and exposure studied.
A prolonged growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogue
Here CJC-1295 means the DAC construct: a tetrasubstituted GRF(1–29) analogue bearing a drug-affinity complex that binds albumin. A shorter-acting no-DAC construct is a different entity and cannot inherit its pharmacokinetics.
Selective GHSR1a agonism and GH secretion
Ipamorelin is a defined pentapeptide growth-hormone secretagogue. Its molecular identity and evidence are independent of every other GH-axis peptide.
Repair-associated signalling with incomplete human translation
BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide derived from a sequence described in gastric-juice research. Identity, route and exposure must remain explicit.
The N-acetylated thymosin-β4 17–23 fragment
In this monograph TB-500 denotes the N-terminally acetylated 17–23 fragment Ac-LKKTETQ. Full-length thymosin-β4 is a separate 43-residue entity. The terminal acetyl group is part of identity; LKKTETQ alone is incomplete.
A mitochondrial-derived metabolic signalling peptide
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within mitochondrial 12S rRNA. Endogenous MOTS-c and an administered preparation are related scientific questions, not interchangeable evidence.
Immune modulation with indication-specific clinical evidence
Thymosin alpha-1 is a defined 28-amino-acid thymic peptide with a larger human literature than most non-incretin peptides in this collection.
A tuftsin-related neuroactive heptapeptide
Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide related to tuftsin. The clinically reported intranasal route and any proposed parenteral route are different exposure experiments.
ACTH-derived neuroactive signalling and route-bound evidence
Semax is the defined heptapeptide Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, derived from an ACTH(4–7) motif with a Pro-Gly-Pro extension. It is not ‘Samax’ and it is not a combination.
Copper binding, matrix biology and route-specific translation
GHK is glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine; GHK-Cu is its Cu(II) complex. GHK, GHK-Cu, free copper and mixtures are not biologically interchangeable. Stoichiometry is part of identity.