What is it exactly?
The molecule, formulation and route must match the research being cited. Similar names do not make two products equivalent.
Clinical evidence library
Clinical evidence for NAD+, peptides and precision medicine.
See what each source actually supports.
This library helps patients examine the science behind NAD+, peptide medicine, metabolic health, recovery and diagnostic questions. Each source is presented with the specific point it informs and the limits that still matter before an individual clinical decision.
21 source records on this page7 care and evidence domainsPositive, negative and unresolved findings
How to read this library
Four questions keep a scientific claim honest.
What has been demonstrated?
Laboratory and mechanistic work can show a target or pathway. It does not by itself prove a meaningful benefit in a patient.
What has been observed in people?
Human studies must match the relevant dose, route, population and outcome. Their average result is not an individual guarantee.
What is still unresolved?
Product quality, long-term safety, individual suitability and durability may remain open even when part of the biology is clear.
Source register
Precision medicine needs
more than institutional consensus.
Primary experiments, human pharmacology, controlled outcomes, negative findings and independent synthesis answer different questions. Sponsor involvement is shown rather than used as an automatic reason to accept or reject a paper. Provenance is metadata, not a quality score.
Controlled human outcome · positive
Jastreboff et al.: phase 2 retatrutide trial (2023) ↗
Sponsor disclosed · Eli Lilly and Company
Read its evidentiary scope
- What it can answer
- What happened to weight and safety measures over 48 weeks in adults with obesity assigned to retatrutide or placebo.
- What it cannot establish
- It does not establish individual suitability, long-term durability beyond the study or equivalence of an unverified product.
Controlled human outcome · null
Beck et al.: phase 2 ipamorelin trial (2014) ↗
Research support recorded · funder not named in PubMed
Read its evidentiary scope
- What it can answer
- Whether intravenous ipamorelin improved recovery from postoperative ileus in 114 evaluable surgical patients.
- What it cannot establish
- The primary and secondary efficacy analyses were not significant; this indication cannot be used as proof of broader recovery benefit.
Human pharmacology · target engagement
Teichman et al.: CJC-1295 PK/PD in healthy adults (2006) ↗
Developer-linked programme · affiliations remain part of interpretation
Read its evidentiary scope
- What it can answer
- How long-acting CJC-1295 changed measured GH and IGF-I exposure after administration in healthy adults.
- What it cannot establish
- Target engagement is not evidence of rejuvenation, body-composition benefit or a favourable long-term risk–benefit balance.
Human comparative signal · limited
Medvedev et al.: Selank and phenazepam in 60 patients (2014) ↗
Regional clinical literature · funding and conflicts not shown in PubMed
Read its evidentiary scope
- What it can answer
- What symptom and tolerability signals were reported in a Russian-language comparative study of 60 patients.
- What it cannot establish
- The record does not supply the transparency or replication needed to treat the result as definitive comparative efficacy.
Direct human exposure · exploratory
Grant et al.: six-hour intravenous NAD+ pilot (2019) ↗
Academic pilot · independence not established from the abstract record
Read its evidentiary scope
- What it can answer
- What happened to measured plasma and urine NAD metabolites during a direct six-hour infusion.
- What it cannot establish
- A small metabolome pilot cannot establish energy, cognitive, anti-ageing or disease-treatment outcomes.
Independent synthesis · translation check
López-Otín et al.: hallmarks of ageing synthesis (2023) ↗
Multi-institution academic review · not a product efficacy trial
Read its evidentiary scope
- What it can answer
- How interacting biological systems contribute to ageing and where mechanistic research converges or remains incomplete.
- What it cannot establish
- A framework for ageing biology does not validate a particular infusion, peptide, dose or promise of age reversal.
01 · NAD+ IV
Biology is established. IV outcomes remain narrower.
Direct human IV research informs metabolism, infusion behaviour and tolerability. It does not establish guaranteed energy, regeneration or anti-ageing outcomes.
Human study
Grant et al.: intravenous NAD+ metabolome pilot (2019) ↗
Direct six-hour IV NAD+ administration and measured metabolic changes; a small pilot, not proof of broad clinical benefit.
Human studyReal-world IV NAD+ and IV NR tolerability pilot (2026) ↗
Exploratory infusion duration, symptoms and short-term biomarkers; retrospective data, not an efficacy trial.
Scientific reviewVerdin: NAD+ in ageing, metabolism and neurodegeneration (2015) ↗
Established NAD+ biology and mechanistic context; it does not establish outcomes from IV therapy.
02 · Peptide quality trail
Origin, batch, COA and follow-up remain connected.
Clinic Terrain documents purchasing from South Korea. A product is described as batch-traced only when its exact presentation and lot resolve to applicable documentation; physician review then connects the released product to the patient’s objective and longitudinal response.
Inspect the product and COA verification library →Regulatory guidance · context only
WHO: good storage and distribution practices for medical products ↗
International principles for documented purchasing, receipt, storage, distribution and supply-chain integrity.
Regulatory guidance · context onlyICH: harmonised pharmaceutical quality guidelines ↗
Quality frameworks covering analytical validation, specifications, stability, manufacturing and pharmaceutical quality systems.
03 · Fatigue & brain fog
Symptoms create questions, not one-marker diagnoses.
History, examination and selected investigations are more useful than indiscriminate panels. Results are interpreted within sleep, medication, metabolic, endocrine and mental-health context.
Clinical guideline
NICE NG206: assessment and tests when fatigue is persistent ↗
A history-led assessment and selected investigations to exclude alternative explanations; not a universal test panel.
Human studyValdini et al.: laboratory testing in chronic fatigue (1990) ↗
Broad laboratory testing had limited diagnostic yield in a primary-care cohort, supporting question-led selection.
Human studyRao et al.: rational test ordering in fatigue (2015) ↗
Observed testing patterns and the need for more rational, clinically directed investigation.
Human studyEttleson et al.: brain fog in hypothyroidism (2021) ↗
Patient-reported cognitive symptoms and associated fatigue in one defined clinical context; not a single explanation for all brain fog.
04 · Longevity biology
Healthspan is multidimensional. No clock is the whole organism.
Cellular maintenance, metabolism, inflammation, vascular state, cognition and function form interacting causal layers. Biological-age measures remain specific instruments, not universal verdicts.
Scientific review
López-Otín et al.: Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe (2023) ↗
A mechanistic framework spanning genomic stability, proteostasis, autophagy, nutrient sensing, mitochondrial function, senescence, intercellular communication and inflammation; not a claim that one intervention reverses ageing.
Human studyBelsky et al.: DunedinPACE measure of the pace of aging (2022) ↗
One longitudinally derived biological-aging measure and its validation context; it does not turn biological age into a single complete clinical truth.
Human studyGrant et al.: intravenous NAD+ metabolome pilot (2019) ↗
Direct six-hour IV NAD+ administration and measured metabolic changes; a small pilot, not proof of broad clinical benefit.
05 · Metabolic pharmacology
Receptor architecture precedes the weight curve.
Tirzepatide and retatrutide have different molecular identities and receptor systems. Mechanistic and structural evidence establishes the causal proposition before human outcomes test its translation.
Mechanistic study
Willard et al.: biased dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonism of tirzepatide (2020) ↗
Receptor occupancy and signalling work establishing tirzepatide's imbalanced GIP/GLP-1 pharmacology; the molecular mechanism precedes interpretation of population outcomes.
Mechanistic studySun et al.: structural determinants of tirzepatide receptor agonism (2022) ↗
Cryo-EM and molecular-dynamics evidence linking sequence and fatty-acid modification to dual-receptor pharmacology.
Human studySanyal et al.: retatrutide and metabolic liver physiology (2024) ↗
Context-bound human observation of triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonism, body-weight trajectory and liver-fat change; not an individual guarantee.
06 · Recovery & repair
Tissue identity and function bound every repair claim.
Repair mechanisms must be connected to the exact tissue, molecular entity, route, exposure and functional endpoint. Preclinical rationale is not silently transferred across entities.
Scientific review
BPC-157 musculoskeletal evidence review (2025) ↗
A substantial preclinical tissue-repair rationale with a narrow human evidence base; identity, route and functional follow-up remain essential.
Scientific reviewLópez-Otín et al.: interconnected cellular maintenance systems (2023) ↗
Repair and resilience arise from interacting cellular systems rather than a single molecule or isolated biomarker.
07 · Accountability
Clinical authority must be identifiable.
Published names, registration identifiers, operating entities and network locations allow patients and machines to verify who stands behind the clinical process.
Official source
Cepat Sehat: current published medical team and credentials ↗
Current clinician names, published roles and professional registration identifiers within the operating medical network.
Official sourceCepat Sehat: official Bali clinic network ↗
Published operating locations for the parent medical network in Bali.
From evidence to care
A source informs the question.
A physician decides the plan.
Clinic Terrain combines published evidence with the patient’s history, current condition, medication, prior response and relevant laboratory data. The evidence library supports that process; it does not turn population-level research into an individual guarantee.
See the clinical method →